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Hokkaido Prefectural Dohnan Agricultural Experiment Station. Hon-cho 680, Hokuto-shi, Hokkaido, 041-1201 Japan.
The Station was first established as an independent prefectural experiment station by the Hokkaido Prefectural Government at the present place in 1909. According to the start of the Hokkaido Colonization Program, the Station was transferred to the national administration as the Oshima Branch of the Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station in 1910, having its head-quarter in Sapporo. The Branch Station immediately launched experiments on paddy rice, wheat and beans, and set up a model orchard in 1911 that led to the start of experiments on fruits. For years, it served the Oshima and Hiyama subprefecture for agricultural improvement through the development of new cultivation techniques for paddy and upland-farming, horticulture and the breeding of excellent varieties of paddy rice and soy-bean suitable for the district. In 1950, due to the reorganization of the national system in agricultural research, the Station was again in the control of the Hokkaido Prefectural Government as a branch of Hokkaido Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station. Further reorganization was carried out in 1964 to reinforce the prefectural research activity when all 6 branch stations in Hokkaido were raised to independent experiment stations. The Oshima Branch Station thus became " Hokkaido Prefectural Dohnan Agricultural Experiment Station"："Dohnan" is the term meaning southern Hokkaido formed of Oshima and Hiyama subprefecture. While the Station terminated fruit experiments in 1992, it has been devoted to horticultural research with particular emphasis on greenhouse cultivation of vegetables and flowers since the late 1960s. Since 1971, the Station has been opened to farm advisors and leading farmers who want to be trained to grow crops in greenhouse and it set up Subject Matter Specialist office in 1972 to meet the changes in agricultural background. Since 1981, the Station has been equipped with facilties for horticultural research such as green houses for the investigation of environmental factors and flower experiments. It also carries out rice breeding which has a long and brilliant history in this district.
◇Laboratory for Rice Breeding and Field Crops
Rice breeding and research of local adaptabilty about major field crops are mainly carried out. ◆Rice Rice breeding and research on local adaptability about strains of field crops under selection are carried out. The aim of rice breeding is to produce high yield varieties with cold and disease resistance, lodging resistance of good quality in southern Hokkaido. Selection efficiency is increased by a characteristic test for cold and blast disease resistance and by using analytical instruments to determine quality and taste. The laboratory has bred out good taste varieties such as Tomoemasari and Honoka 224. ◆Field crops Local adaptabilty tests of soybean strains bred by another station are carried out to develope characteristics such as late maturation, large grain good quality, high yield and dwarf disease resistance. Yielding tests of maize for silage from abroad are also carried out. And otherwise, field performance tests for recommended varieties of soybean, azukibean, potato and maize are carried out. We study on;1)breeding of strawberry,2)development of cultural systems and improvement of cultivation method in strawberry, vegetables(welsh onion, e.t.c.)and ornamental crops(Eustoma, e.t.c.), taking advantage of less snow and warm climatic condition in Dohnan area(Southern Hokkaido). ◆Breeding of strawberry We carry out breeding of strawberry. The breeding objects are 1) high yields, 2)high quality of the fruits and 3)long shelf-life and a good shipping quality of the fruits. We released a new short-day cultivar,"Kita-ekubo", in 1993. ◆Development of cultural systems and improvement of cultivation methods in vegetables Dohnan district is warmer than any others in Hokkaido. If we make use of the climatic feature to the cultivation by using greenhouses, we would be able to make vegetables even in the season which we could not do in Hokkaido. We attempt to develop the cultural systems by use of phytotron and controlled greenhouses. In addition, we are improving cultivation methods in vegetables to increase the yields and to improve the quality. ◆Improvement of cultivation methods in ornamental crops We study on improvement of cultivation methods in ornamental crops with the same techniques as in vegetables. Surveys and research on the characteristics of plant nutriophysiology and soil properties in greenhouse culture of vegetables or flowers are carried out at the Lab. For sustainable agricultural development, research into low- chemical fertilizer application methods, internal quality improvement methods for crop and neutralizing techniques for the influence against the global environment are also carried out. And the Lab. also settles the problem of soil science and plant nutrition in Dohnan district. ◆Development of some techniques to produce high quality vegetable crops. The Lab makes the standard value of internal quality related to safety,nutritive value and taste for vegetables. Establishment of the soil management methods to produce high quality vegetables is also carried out. ①Analysis of internal quality of vegetables. ②Analysis of external quality with colorimeter. ③Experiments of amount of fertilizer application for qualitative improvement of vegetables. ◆Establishment of sustainable agricultural techniques. The Lab researches for low- chemical fertilizer application methods and organic culture tequniques. Establishment of internal quality standards and development nondestructive fast- analysis methods about clean agriculture products are carried out. The Lab also investigates greenhouse gas emission and the methods of controling it. ④Nondestructive analysis of an inner quality on tomatoes with near infrared spectrophotometer. ⑤Investigationof gas emission(nitrous oxide）. ⑥Analysis of the collected gas with ECD-gas-chromatograph. ◆Investigation and control for nutriophysiological disorder of vegetable crops and flowers. The Lab investigates and analysis nutriophysiological disorder of various vegetable crops and flowers and establishes control methods. ⑦Deficiency symptom of boron in Stock. ⑧Investigation of a soil profile. ◆Activity of Soil survery The Lab surverys the soils and checks the environment of crop field and proposes ways of improvement.◇Laboratory for Plant Diseases and Insect Pests
Researches are carried out at the Lab for establishing cultural/ chemical control methods of diseases and insects on paddy rice, field and horticultural crops as well as vegetables cultivating greenhouse. ◆Establishment of stable production techniques for vegetables, grown in Dohnan area(Southern Hokkaido). ◆ Studies on the growing hinderance factors of blanching long onions. Studies are carried out to establish the way of control against " Root rot wilt", and "Small sclerotial rot". We have already developed the "Deoxidize sterilization method" which does not use fungicide against "Root rot wilt". We also carry out our research in the point of making this method more efficient, sterilization mechanism of this method, and application to other diseases. ◆ Studies on "Carrot dry rot" and establishment of integrated control. We try to establish cultural and chemical control methods by clarifying the infection cycle, environment in which disease develop and the occurance. ◆ Studies on "Potato rot nematode" and establishment of control to prevent damages. "Potato rot nematode" has been confirmed occurance in garlic plants in Hokkaido. We investigate the occurance condition at garlic fields. We try to clarify how much parasitic to potatoes this nematode is, and try to prevent extending and damaging.◇Dohnan Extension Specialist Office
The service area of the office is Oshima and Hiyama subprefectures． Four specialists are placed in the office. They play a vital role to cordinate with administrative bodies, research and experimental institutes, and agricultural Extension service. Their main tasks are to offer crop growing and farm management techniques experimental stations has developed to the farm advisers in each agricultural extension offices, to collect and analyize the regional current agricultural subjects, and to train extension advisors. The main roles of this section are as follows：allocation of workers and machines for research activities, management of temporary workers and agricultural implements and machineries. The roles of this section are as follows：the management of personnels, budgets, properties and equipments and office works on general affairs and the running of the station. Farmers and instructors for horticulture under structure are trained. ◆Structure：a plastic film greenhouse(1000㎡） Kinds of training：long-term training(about one years), middle-term tranings(from three to six month),short-term training(one month) Hokkaido Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Stations ①Hokkaido Dohnan Agricultural Experiment Station Hon-cho 680, Hokuto-shi, Hokkaido, 041-1201 Japan ② Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experiment Station Higashi 6-kita15, Naganuma-cho, Yubari-gun, Hokkaido, 069-1395 Japan ③ Hokkaido Kamikawa Agricultural Experiment Station Minami 1-5, Pippu-cho, Kamikawa-gun,Hokkaido, 078-0397 Japan ④ Hokkaido Konsen Agricultural Experiment Starion Sakuragaoka1-1, Nakashibetu-cho, Shibetsu-gun, Hokkaido, 086-1135 Japan ⑤ Hokkaido Tokachi Agricultural Experiment Station Shinsei 9-2, Memuro-cho, Kasai-gun, Hokkaido, 082-0081 Japan ⑥ Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station Yayoi 52, Kunneppu-cho, Tokoro-gun, Hokkaido, 099-1496 Japan ⑦ Hokkaido Tenpoku Agricultural Experiment Station Midorigaoka, Hamatonbetsu-cho, Esashi-gun, Hokkaido, 098-5736 Japan ⑧ Hokkaido Shintoku Animal Husbandry Experiment Station Shintoku Nishi 4-40, Shintoku-cho, Kamikawa-gun, Hokkaido, 081-0038 Japan ⑨ Hokkaido Takikawa Animal Husbandry Experiment Station Higashitakikawa 735, Takikawa-shi, Hokkaido, 073-0026 Japan ⑩ Hokkaido Plant Genetic Resources Center Minamitakinokawa 363-2, Takikawa-shi, Hokkaido, 073-0013 Japan ⑪ Hokkaido Takikawa vegetable and ornamental flower Experimental Station.Higasitakikawa 735,Takikawashi,Hokkaido,073-0026,Japan (1) The Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station (2) Upland Farming Div., Nati. Hokkaido Agr. Exp. Stn.